During the planning and the conduct of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, American and Iraqi war planners: Evolution of Strategic Thought Assignment, NTU, Singapore

4. – During the planning and the conduct of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, American and Iraqi war planners assessed each other’s “center of gravity.” In your view, who was correct, who was not and why? [Please note that “war planners” include both political and military leaders, not just military commanders].

Lieutenant Colonel Antulio J. Echevarria II, “Clausewitz’s Center of Gravity: It’s Not What We Thought,” Naval War College Review, Vol LVI, N°. 1 (Winter 2003), 108-123.

Michael R. Gordon, General Bernard E. Trainor, The General’s War. The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1995, 129-141, 142- 158, 227-241.

George Bush, Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998, 462-464, 483-487, 488-492.

Kevin M. Woods, The Mother of All Battles. Saddam Hussein’s Strategic Plan for the Persian Gulf War. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 2008, 47-59 (Chap 4.

Saddam’s Strategic Calculations), 124-171 (Chap 7. The Iraqi Plan for the Defense of Kuwait); 299-306 (Chap 10 Saddam’s Strategic Lessons of the War).