Question 1
Ravi, a communications researcher, wants to find out if Singaporean parents’ concern about their children’s exposure to inappropriate content on social media changed significantly one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2021) compared to before (i.e., 2018). Out of the 315 parents he surveyed in 2021, 46.03% were extremely concerned, 26.03% were somewhat concerned, and 27.94% were a little or not at all concerned. Out of the 436 parents he surveyed in 2018, 40.14% were extremely concerned, 34.63% were somewhat concerned, and 25.23% were a little or not at all concerned.
Identify the most appropriate statistical test to conduct to find out whether Singaporean parents’ concern about their children’s exposure to inappropriate content on social media changed significantly from 2018 to 2021. Explain why this is the most appropriate statistical test by providing two reasons in the context of this study. Then, assuming all the assumptions of the statistical test you identified are met, analyze the data using jamovi. Show the jamovi spreadsheet by taking a screenshot of the spreadsheet (i.e., what you see when you click the DATA tab) and pasting it into your answer. The jamovi spreadsheet should be correctly formatted. Further, paste all the output necessary for the interpretation of the results in your answer. Report the results in APA format (using an alpha level of .05) and provide a plausible explanation for the results.
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Question 2
In recent decades, several Singapore universities have included interviews as part of the admissions process. Proponents argue that interviews provide more information about the applicants which can help the universities select better quality students. However, interviews are extremely costly and Robin, an administrator at Temasek University, is concerned that interviews have low predictive validity. If so, then conducting interviews would just be a waste of resources.
To study this issue, Robin accessed the records of 10 students who had graduated in the past year. This record comprised the actual final-year grade point average (GPA) of the students, their interviewer’s prediction of their final-year GPA at the time of the interview, as well as their pre-university aptitude test scores that were submitted in the application to the university. Robin then used a simple mathematical model to predict each student’s GPA from just their pre-university aptitude test scores. He reasoned that if the interviewers did not predict the GPA better than the simple mathematical model, then he would be justified in scraping the interview from the admissions process.
The table below shows the actual GPA for the 10 students as well as the predicted GPA from the interviewer and the mathematical model respectively. For this question, assume that GPA is measured with an interval scale.
Based on the study design, identify the most appropriate statistical test to conduct. Explain why this is the most appropriate statistical test by providing two reasons in the context of this study. Then, assuming all the assumptions of the statistical test you identified are met and there are no concerns about a small sample size, analyze the data using jamovi.
Show the jamovi spreadsheet by taking a screenshot of the spreadsheet (i.e., what you see when you click the DATA tab) and pasting it in your answer. The jamovi spreadsheet should be correctly formatted.
Further, paste all the output necessary for the interpretation of the results in your answer. Interpret fully the results of your data analysis with reference to the p values, the alpha level (using an alpha level of .05), and the descriptives. Finally, discuss the results. In your discussion, summarise the results in a way that a layman can understand, provide possible explanations for the findings, and suggest how the university can use the findings to inform its admissions policy.
If you think that there are additional considerations beyond what is addressed by this study, you should discuss them as well. For a complete response, include citations from existing research to support your discussion. You do NOT need to report the results in APA format for this question.
